Taƙaitaccen gabatarwar rini mai amsawa
Tun fiye da karni daya da suka gabata, mutane sun yi fatan samar da rinannun rini waɗanda za su iya samar da haɗin gwiwa tare da zaruruwa, ta yadda za su inganta saurin wanke kayan rini.Har zuwa 1954, Raitee da Stephen na Kamfanin Bnemen sun gano cewa rinayen da ke ɗauke da rukunin dichloro-s-triazine na iya haɗa kai tare da ƙungiyoyin hydroxyl na farko akan cellulose tare da rina su da ƙarfi akan fiber, akwai nau'in rini mai amsawa wanda zai iya. samar da covalent bond tare da fiber ta hanyar sinadaran dauki, kuma aka sani da reactive dyes.Fitowar rini mai amsawa ya buɗe sabon shafi don tarihin ci gaban rini.
Tun zuwan rini mai amsawa a cikin 1956, ci gabanta ya kasance a cikin babban matsayi.A halin yanzu, fitar da rini mai amsawa na shekara-shekara don filayen cellulose a duniya ya kai sama da kashi 20% na yawan rini na shekara-shekara.Rini mai amsawa na iya haɓaka da sauri saboda halaye masu zuwa:
1. Rini na iya amsawa tare da fiber don samar da haɗin gwiwa.A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, irin wannan haɗin gwiwa ba zai rabu ba, don haka da zarar an yi rina fenti a kan fiber, yana da saurin rini, musamman rigar magani.Bugu da ƙari, bayan rina fiber ɗin, ba za ta sha wahala daga ƙyanƙyashe haske kamar wasu rini na vat ba.
2. Yana da kyakkyawan aikin daidaitawa, launi mai haske, haske mai kyau, amfani mai dacewa, cikakken chromatography, da ƙananan farashi.
3. An riga an samar da shi da yawa a kasar Sin kuma yana iya cika bukatun masana'antar bugu da rini;Za a iya amfani da faffadan amfaninsa ba kawai don rini na filayen cellulose ba, har ma da rini na zaruruwan furotin da wasu yadudduka masu gauraye.
Tarihin rini mai amsawa
Tun daga 1920s, Ciba ya fara bincike akan rini na cyanuric, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan aiki fiye da duk rini kai tsaye, musamman Chloratine Fast Blue 8G.Haɗaɗɗen kwayoyin halitta ne wanda ya ƙunshi rini mai shuɗi mai ɗauke da rukunin amine da rini mai launin rawaya mai zoben cyanuric zuwa sautin kore, wato rini yana da atom ɗin chlorine wanda ba a maye gurbinsa ba, kuma ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, yana iya The element. martani ya haifar da haɗin gwiwa, amma ba a gane shi ba a lokacin.
A shekara ta 1923, Ciba ya gano cewa rini na acid monochlorotriazine da aka rina ulu, wanda zai iya samun saurin jika, don haka a 1953 ya ƙirƙira nau'in rini na Cibalan Brill.A lokaci guda, a cikin 1952, Hearst kuma ya samar da Remalan, rini mai amsawa don ulu, bisa ga nazarin ƙungiyoyin vinyl sulfone.Amma waɗannan nau'ikan rini guda biyu ba su yi nasara sosai a lokacin ba.A cikin 1956 Bu Neimen a ƙarshe ya samar da rini na farko na kasuwanci don auduga, wanda ake kira Procion, wanda yanzu shine rini na dichloro-triazine.
A cikin 1957, Benemen ya ƙirƙiri wani launi mai amsawa na monochlorotriazine, wanda ake kira Procion H.
A cikin 1958, Kamfanin Hearst ya yi nasarar yin amfani da rini mai ƙarfi na tushen vinyl sulfone don rini zaruruwan cellulose, wanda aka sani da rini na Remazol.
A cikin 1959, Sandoz da Cargill a hukumance sun samar da wani rini na rukuni mai amsawa, wato trichloropyrimidine.A cikin 1971, a kan wannan, an haɓaka ingantaccen aikin difluorochloropyrimidine.A cikin 1966, Ciba ya haɓaka rini mai amsawa dangane da a-bromoacrylamide, wanda ke da kyakkyawan aiki a rini na ulu, wanda ya aza harsashin yin amfani da rini mai saurin gaske akan ulu a nan gaba.
A cikin 1972 a Baidu, Benemen ya ɓullo da rini tare da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu amsawa, wato Procion HE, akan nau'in rini mai amsawa na monochlorotriazine.Irin wannan rini ya ƙara inganta dangane da sake aiki tare da zaren auduga, ƙimar gyarawa da sauran kaddarorin.
A cikin 1976, Buneimen ya samar da nau'in dyes tare da kungiyoyin phosphonic acid a matsayin rukuni mai aiki.Yana iya samar da wani covalent bond tare da cellulose zaruruwa a karkashin wadanda ba alkali yanayi, musamman dace da rini tare da tarwatsa dyes a cikin wannan wanka guda manna bugu, da cinikayya sunan ne Pushian T. A 1980, dangane da vinyl sulfone Sumifix rini, Sumitomo. Kamfanin na Japan ya ƙera vinyl sulfone da monochlorotriazine rini mai amsawa biyu.
A cikin 1984, Kamfanin Nippon Kayaku ya ƙirƙiri wani rini mai amsawa mai suna Kayasalon, wanda ya ƙara madaidaicin acid nicotinic zuwa zoben triazine.Yana iya covalently amsa tare da cellulose zaruruwa a karkashin high zafin jiki da kuma tsaka tsaki yanayi, don haka shi ne musamman dace don rini polyester / auduga blended yadudduka tare da high zafin jiki da kuma high matsa lamba daya wanka rini Hanyar don tarwatsa / amsa dyes.
Rini Mai Aiki
Tsarin dyes masu amsawa
Mai ba da rini mai amsawa ya yi imanin cewa babban bambanci tsakanin rini mai amsawa da sauran nau'ikan rini shine cewa kwayoyin su sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa waɗanda za su iya haɗin gwiwa tare da wasu rukunin fiber (hydroxyl, amino) ta hanyar halayen sinadaran da ake kira reactive group).Za'a iya bayyana tsarin rini mai amsawa ta hanyar gabaɗayan dabara: S - D - B - Re
A cikin dabara: ƙungiyar S-ruwa mai narkewa, kamar rukunin sulfonic acid;
D——Dye matrix;
B ——Ƙungiyar haɗin kai tsakanin rini na iyaye da ƙungiyar aiki;
Re-active kungiyar.
Gabaɗaya, aikace-aikacen rini mai amsawa akan filayen yadi yakamata ya kasance yana da aƙalla sharuɗɗan masu zuwa:
Babban solubility na ruwa, babban kwanciyar hankali na ajiya, ba sauki don hydrolyzed;
Yana da high reactivity zuwa fiber da high kayyade kudi;
Haɗin sinadarai tsakanin rini da fiber yana da babban kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, wato, haɗin ba shi da sauƙi ga bushewa yayin amfani;
Kyakkyawan rarrabuwa, rini mai kyau matakin da kyau shigar rini;
Gudun rini iri-iri, kamar hasken rana, yanayi, wanke-wanke, shafa, juriya na chlorine, da sauransu suna da kyau;
Ruwan da ba a yi amfani da su ba da dyes na hydrolyzed suna da sauƙin wankewa bayan rini, ba tare da tabo ba;
Rini yana da kyau, ana iya rina shi mai zurfi da duhu;
Sharuɗɗan da ke sama suna da alaƙa ta kut-da-kut da ƙungiyoyi masu amsawa, rini precursors, ƙungiyoyi masu narkewar ruwa, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, ƙungiyoyin masu amsawa sune tushen rini mai amsawa, waɗanda ke nuna babban nau'i da kaddarorin rinayen amsawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-23-2020